CiteSeer(X)

Public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers.
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CiteSeer(X) OPEN SOURCE Interdisciplinary
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CiteSeerX is a free, publicly accessible digital library and search engine primarily aimed at academic and scientific papers, with a strong focus on computer science and information technology. It was developed by the Pennsylvania State University College of Information Sciences and Technology, and uses autonomous citation indexing: it automatically extracts article metadata and citation links to build a searchable corpus. 

Who it serves & how

  • Researchers, students and academics in computer science, information science and related fields use CiteSeerX to search for papers, track citations and explore author networks.
  • It is particularly helpful when you want free access to meta-data rich collections of scholarly articles and want to examine citation relationships (e.g., who cites whom) rather than simply performing a keyword search.
  • For example, a researcher could use CiteSeerX to see how their work is being cited, discover related works and even access full text (where freely available) without paywalls.

Key features & value

  • Automated metadata extraction: titles, authors, abstracts and references are harvested automatically from publicly available articles. 
  • Citation-linking: you can follow citations (“cited by” lists) and go through networks of papers. 
  • Search includes full-text indexing (where available), which helps uncover papers based on content, not just metadata. 
  • Free and open access: the service does not require subscription and makes metadata available under open licenses for non-commercial reuse. 

Considerations & limitations

  • Coverage is limited compared to commercial citation databases: CiteSeerX mainly harvests papers that are publicly accessible on the web (author pages, open access repositories) and does not always include pay-walled publisher versions. 
  • Because harvesting and metadata extraction are automated, errors in author names, dates or citation counts do occur. 
  • While strong in computer science & IT, its coverage in other disciplines may be less comprehensive than dedicated domain databases.

Discover Data, Discover Journals, Discover Citations, Discover References, Discover Literature, Open Access Search, Metadata, Citation Context, Citation Analysis, Metadata Extraction